The 18 research projects are grouped in three modules:
1. Module Biomedical research
The biomedical module deals with the potential health effects of the use of engineered nanomaterials. New nanomaterials can indeed lead to pioneering developments in pharmacology, medical testing and medical equipment. Synthetic medicines based on nanoparticles open the doors for a new generation of multifunctional drugs. They combine new properties with those of conventional drugs, diagnostic and therapeutic devices. One possible approach involves transporting small doses of active agents directly to the desired part of the body, thus creating a stronger therapeutic effect with less side-effects. A further area of application are implants or bone-substitute materials, whose mechanical and immunological properties can be optimised through nanoparticles. In this context, nanoparticles can enter the body, stay there or be released, which can in turn cause unintended effects besides those that are intended. The eleven projects of the biomedical module thus should lead to the development of new toxicity tests and innovative approaches for assessing risks.
2. Module Environmental research
The seven projects of the environmental research module assess the effects of engineered nanoparticles on the environment and on ecological systems. Nanoparticles can be released into the water, air or soil either deliberately – for instance when pesticides are used in farming or when used for environmental remediation measures – or unintentionally during manufacture, use or disposal of nano-containing objects. Although nanoscale particles also occur naturally, it is not yet possible to definitively assess the ecological impacts of engineered nanomaterials that enter the environment. The transformation of nanomaterials during their life cycle, from their dispersal in the environment to their breakdown , make it difficult to assess and control potential effects. This module intends to bring greater clarity in this area.
3. Module Other Fields
This module contains two projects examining the development and use of innovative nanomaterials, nanocomposites and novel building materials. In addition, they evaluate the potential health hazards and environmental risks associated with these materials throughout their life cycle.
In the future, further projects can be added to this module. Areas of main interest are the use of nanomaterials in food and food packaging and consumer products as well as long-term effects, toxicokinetics or organ toxicity.